August 24, 2020
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About Conference
The organizing committee and the scientific community at Pulsus group takes immense pleasure in inviting our cardinal participants and speakers from across the world to the 10th world congress on immunology held at Melbourne, Australia on 10th and 11th of August 2020.
The conference themed “Synopsis of Immunological Facets” is indeed going to be of high relevance with its proficient keynote speakers from diverse fields and its studious delegates. The gathering includes keynote speeches, poster presentation, oral presentation, seminars, workshops, symposia, and exhibitions in the program.
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The state in which the immune system of the body becomes prone to Infectious diseases and cancer or becomes incapable of fighting the foreign bodies is termed as immunodeficiency. The two kinds of immunodeficiencies are primary immunodeficiency and secondary immunodeficiency. Secondary immunodeficiency is found to be the most common type of immunodeficiency. Immunodeficiency can be tackled either by proper treatment of the infection or by enhancing the immune system. The causes of immunodeficiency differ with the type of deficiency. Some of the prime reasons are improper sanitation, genetic and malnutrition. Certain immunodeficiencies are lifelong conditions, whereas some induce early mortality.
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2. Transplant immunology
Transplantation immunology deals with the replacement of cells, tissues or organs from one part of the body to another or from one individual to another in order to restore damaged or diseased tissues or organs. The transplant can be seen by the immune system as a threat and may get destroyed or attacked by the immune system. If this happens the organ dies in less than half an hour time period as it cannot withstand the immune system outbreak. The donor is carefully analysed and matched in order to avoid any risk of transplant rejection. Immunosuppressants are taken to prevent transplant rejection or to treat the transplant rejection. The drawback of immunosuppressive drugs is that, they may leave the patients with various side effects.
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3. Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a diagnostic method that involves either enhancement of the immune system or the hindering of the immune system. Immunotherapy is one of the most commonly used treatment for cancer. Immunotherapies are of two types, activation immunotherapies and suppression immune therapies. Immunotherapies have been proved to treat various kinds of tumours. Immunotherapies used in cancer are mostly biological therapies, that is, they use substances made from living organisms. Checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, monoclonal antibodies etc are the types of immunotherapy that are used in cancer.
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4. Immunology of pregnancy
The immune system of the mother (maternal immune system) plays an important role in the completion of a healthy pregnancy. In complex terms, pregnancy is a multifaceted immunological condition. So, it is important to assess the many immunological processes during this period. A successful pregnancy needs a healthy, active and responsive immune system. The fetal and maternal survival can be directly affected by the immune responses that are associated with them. Pregnancy is also considered as a phase characterized by high risk of bacterial and viral infection. The proper development and functioning of both the placenta and fetus are governed by various cells and molecules of the immune system.
5. Microbiome and epigenetics
In the recent years the fields of human epigenetics and human microbiome research have received significant attention. The ultimate environmental trigger for development is the host-associated microbiome. It has also been proved that the gut microbiome and cancer is linked. Certain microbial species are existing more commonly in cancer tissue than in flanking normal tissue throughout the development of disease, from early cancer growth to metastasisepigenetic processes, because of its spatial site and capability to convert environmental and diet-derived compounds before they reach human cells. The relationship between the gut microbiome and disease associate both the microbiome composition in general and specific microbial species in disease.
6. Microbiology
Microbiology is a branch of science that deals with microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa. It also includes essential research on the biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, ecology, evolution and clinical aspects of microorganisms, including the host response to these agents. Microbiology is used to understand about all characteristics of the organisms in order to define how they live in their environment and how they influence their surroundings and thus other organisms around them. Microbiology has proved to be one of the most important specialties in biology, making it possible to identify how some of these organisms cause diseases, find cures for such diseases and even utilize some microbes for industrial uses etc.
7. Neuroimmunology
Neuroimmunology is an integration of neuroscience and immunology. In neuroimmunology the interactions between the nervous system and the immune system is observed at different phases. The contributions of neuroimmunology helps in the discovery of new pharmacological treatments. During infections, activated macrophages and monocytes release pro inflammatory cytokines. These pro inflammatory cytokines affect the behaviour, sleep and mood. The overall body health can be dictated by various interactions between the nervous system and the immune system.
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8. Immunotoxicology
Immunotoxicology can be referred to as the study of the inimical effects on the immune system by direct or indirect agents. These agents can chemical, biological and physical in nature. The immune responses to such agents can lead to adverse effects. It can be of two types. It either involves the toxic effects on the immune system or the mediation of a toxic effect by the immune system. Immune toxicity can be induced by agents like dexamethasone, cyclosporin A, azathioprine, heavy metals and air pollution. It may also result in hypersensitivity and immunosuppression.
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9. Immunodiagnostics
Immunodiagnostics are a group of clinical diagnostics which uses diagnostic techniques that make use of the immune system of the body. It plays a major role in understanding about various diseases in humans. These tests come in different types as they can be performed on serum. The techniques are easy to perform and decipher the diseased state of a person. New immunoassay formats and diagnostics are being introduced daily. Microfluidics is another prominent advancement in immunodiagnostics and have led to the discovery of microfluidic chips and rapid immunoassays.
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10. Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression is the process by which the activity of the immune system is hindered. During organ/tissue transplant, there is a chance of organ/tissue rejection by the immune system of the body. In such cases the patient is asked to take immunosuppressive drugs. Certain parts of the immune system are found to exhibit immunosuppressive effects on other regions of the immune system. Another ill effect of immunosuppressive drugs is that sometimes they leave the patient with various side effects or make them prone to different diseases. The patients undergoing immunosuppression or who takes immunosuppressive drugs are known as immunocompromised.
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11. Cancer immunology
The role played by the immune system during various phases of cancer is referred to as cancer immunology. One of the most common application is the immunotherapy. It also includes cancer immunoediting which is the study of the interaction between the immune system and the cancer cells. The antigens in the tumours are recognised by the immune system and this in turn activates an immune response. The antigens can either be tumour specific antigens or tumour associated antigens. Usually the tumour associated antigens are found in healthy cells but they are also present in the tumour cells as well.
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12. Veterinary immunology
Veterinary immunology is the branch of immunology that deals with the study of all immunological aspects in animals. It is connected to both zoology and veterinary science. Some of the major researches in this field includes development of vaccines, understanding the mechanism of the animal immune system, failure of vaccines and the harmful effects caused by them. Veterinary immunology is gaining its grounds as the number of pets and farm animals are increasing at a very fast rate. It provides numerous benefits to the agricultural field by introducing new immunological techniques as farm animals are prone to various infectious diseases primarily due to the poor sanitation of their surroundings. Specially trained Vets and forest officials are appointed for the treatment of immunological diseases relating to wild animals.
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13. Antigens and antibodies
Antigens are foreign bodies that can create an immune response and are bound by the antibodies. Each antigen is designed in a unique way to match an antigen. Once the body is exposed to an antigen, the B cells in the immune system produces the Y shaped antibodies. The antigen binds to its antibody just the way a key fit in to the lock and the antigen gets removed from the body. The antigens present in vaccinations activate or stimulate the B lymphocytes. After the stimulation, plasma cells are formed which releases the antibody for the disease. There five kinds of antibodies and three kinds of antigens.
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14. Immunopathology
Immunopathology deals with the responses formed by the immune system towards a disease. The pathology of an organism or organ is studied, taking the immunological factors into consideration. It is the destructive effects caused to an organism by its own immune response. The predominant cause for which is the by restless responses of the immune system.
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15. Infections and vaccines
The invasion of a disease-causing agent into a host body and their multiplication and survival in the hosts tissues bring about infections. The diseases caused by these infections are called infectious diseases and they are found to transmit from one individual to the other. Infections are caused by infectious agents that include bacteria, parasites, arthropods, virus, fungi and parasites. Vaccines are used to provide active acquired immunity to a disease and the administration of vaccines is called vaccination. Vaccination is believed to be the most important aspect in prevention of diseases and is one of the safest ways to fifth and prevent various infectious diseases. Childhood vaccinations are generally safe and side effects if present will always be mild. Smallpox was eradicated with the help of vaccines.
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16. Autoimmune diseases and HIV
Autoimmune disease is a condition when the body sees its own tissue as a threat and attacks it. Abnormal immune responses bring about autoimmune diseases. Women are commonly affected by autoimmune diseases than men. The pathological effects of autoimmune diseases include damage of tissues, altered organ growth and changed organ function. HIV is a group of conditions that is caused as a result of the infection by human immunodeficiency virus. HIV/AIDS has affected society, both as a disease and as a source of separation. The vital cells such as T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells are infected by HIV.
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17. Plant immunology
Plant immunology is the study that concentrates on how the plants protect themselves from pathogens and infections. Plants lack the adaptive immunity property but have evolved to structure an innate immunity architecture which is strong enough to detect and respond to infections. The innate immune system in plants is two branched. One branch recognizes and responds to the common microbial molecules and the other branch responds to pathogen virulence factor. Pathogen associated molecular patterns are recognized by the pattern recognition receptor of plants. This triggers the plant to antimicrobial compounds and reactive to oxygen species in order to fight the pathogen.
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18. Immunoinformatics
Immunoinformatics is also known as computational immunology. One of the major roles in immunoinformatics is the management and analysis of immunological data. The immunology research can be improved by the proper use of informatics techniques. It also involves the design and development of various algorithms for the analysis of immunological data. It also helps for dealing with a huge amount of data and defines new immune hypothesises. The data collected and stored will be made accessible to scientists to understand the functions of immune system and to learn about the disease pathogenesis.
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19. Microbiome and immune system
Microbiota includes communities of bacteria, fungi, archaea and protozoans. The immune system maintains a symbiotic relationship with the microbes as they play a fundamental role on the induction, training and function of the host immune system. Also, the host immune system maintains the homeostasis with the microbes and ensures that the host-microbial relationship is maintained. Microbiodata is plays an essential part in the maturation of the immune system. The intestinal immune system is regulated by the gut microbiome. The understanding of how the immune responses are regulated by the bacteria helps in the development of new diagnostic techniques.
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20. Immune evasion
Immune evasion is referred to as the evasion strategy followed by pathogenic organisms and tumours from the body of their host, in order to increase their chances of survival. Tumour cells escape and suppress the activity of the immune system. Survival of the pathogen mainly depends on the host evasion. The evasion of the https://immunology.cmesociety.com/abstract-submissionparasite from the host immunity is common and involves variety of molecular mechanisms and it generate a wide range of pathogenic effects. The protozoan immune evasion strategy includes anatomical seclusion in vertebrate and invertebrate host, antigenic variation, shedding, immunosuppression and anti-immune mechanism. Whereas the helminth immune techniques are immune suppression, coating with host protein, large size, molecular mimicry, shedding and anatomical seclusion.
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21. Applied Immunology
Applied immunology is a subbranch of immunology that provides support for the development of biological therapeutics like monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and diagnostics. Applied immunology plays major roles in detection of antibody for diagnostic purposes and detection of toxins. Identification of human blood and seminal strains ae two of the most important https://immunology.cmesociety.com/2019forensic applications.
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22. Viral immunology
Viral immunology deals with how the host systems are affected by viral invasion and the immune created by the host system towards the viral infection. These infections include both DNA infections and RNA infections. Viruses have complex strategies to evade the host immune system. The innate immune responses to the viral infection are epithelial barrier and the early non-specific immune. Adaptive immune responses to viral infections include antiviral antibodies, cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helper T cells. Certain antiviral antibodies are present in the host system to fight the pathogens. These antibodies include secretory IgA, IgG etc.
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23. Ocular immunology
Ocular immunology is a branch that diagnoses and treats people with inflammatory eye diseases. The patient may end up with a reduced vision and in some cases these diseases can leas to severe video loss. The immunologically mediated diseases include uveitis, intraocular inflammation, scleritis and iritis. However, the eye is blessed immunologically as the allografts are accepted by the cornea. The ocular surface fights infections with an integrated immunological mechanism. This integrated immune protection includes parts of humoral, cellular, adaptive, and innate immunity in tears, conjunctiva and even the cornea.
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24. Immunoreceptors
Immunoreceptors are the sites on the surface of the antibodies where the antigen binds, the antigen binds to the antibody just the way a key fit into the lock. A chain of reactions starts once the antibody and antigen binds at the immunoreceptors. Receptors like the pattern recognition receptors plays an important role by recognizing the molecules that are exclusively pathogenic. Whereas a high level of immune receptors can cause negative effects like the inappropriate activation of signalling pathways. So, the abundance of too many immune receptors are regulated in a negative aspect. The immune receptors in plants recognizes the pathogenic bacteria and fungi and activates the mechanism to destroy them.
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25. Coronavirus
Diseases such as common cold, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) etc can be caused by a broad group of viruses called the Coronaviruses (CoV). It was first detected in Wuhan, China. Coronavirus Symptoms include fever, breathing difficulties, respiratory symptoms, shortness of breath and cough. In severe conditions it can cause kidney failure, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome and even death.
Coronavirus treatment | Coronavirus vaccine | Coronavirus cure
Market Analysis
Global immunology market
The new global immunology report concludes that diseases like AIDS are increasing the casualty’s day by day and the new patients diagnosed with such infectious diseases are also increasing at an alarming rate. The global increase in infectious diseases indicates that the body’s immune system has gone down in the human raise and this is letting the body easily accessible. All these points narrow down to the fact that the increase in the infectious diseases is going to the primary key for the growth of the immunological market and the demand for immunological products will be at its peak.
Immunomodulators are an effective way to treat infectious diseases like AIDS, where the patient’s immune system is boosted and resist against the pathogens are acquired. It is estimated that the global immunology market with grow at a steady CAGR of about 5% by 2022.
The manufacturers have come up with new therapeutic agents which are still awaiting the standardized approval. The introduction of these new agents and therapeutic techniques will take the market to a new level of progress. Manufacturers and scientists are currently focusing on new advanced drugs in immunotherapy. The competition in the immunology market is primarily based on piece, quality, innovation etc.
Both immunosuppressants and immuno boosters are marketed at almost the same rate but the market of immunosuppressants have a slight increase in the recent years as the need for anti-transplant rejection drugs are increasing due to the numerous organ transplant that takes place every day. USA will be the prime revenue generator as the therapeutic advancements are high in the country.
Major immunology drug producers in Spain
The graph shows that the immunological market is experiencing an exponential growth since 2012. The annual immunological drug sales are seemed to have grown well with every coming year. A much higher sales is expected in the coming years as shown in the graph, this in turn boosts the immunological market and the demands for new advanced technology is also expected in the years to come.
